Distributive shock overall decrease in vascular volume and or tone. Cold shock is the most common presentation in pediatric septic shock, and is treated with epinephrine. Pdf pathophysiology and management of different types of shock. Epidemiology septic shock, a form of distributive shock, is the most common form of shock among patients admitted to the intensive care unit, followed by cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Distributive shocks may also differ from other types of shock by having, at least initially, normal or high cardiac output. Distributive shock also leads to leakage of fluid from capillaries into the. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Shock in which there is a marked decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and consequent hypotension. Bradycardia is a common sign of advanced shock and is frequently associated with hypotension. In the united states, this is the leading cause of noncardiac death in intensive care units icus.
The intent is to overcome the inappropriate redistribution of existing volume by providing enough volume. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about shock ppt. Examples are septic shock, neurogenic shock, and anaphylactic shock. Current use of vasopressors in septic shock annals of. The most simple physiology of shock is cardiogenic shock, with. Jan 05, 2018 distributive shock results from excessive vasodilation and the impaired distribution of blood flow. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Distributive shock normovolemic shock fluid in the. Distributive shock results from excessive vasodilation and the impaired distribution of blood flow. Hypotension, oliguria, tachycardia, and altered mental status indicate that the patient is in. This classification system was introduced by elbers and ince.
Pathophysiology and management of different types of shock. Expand the value or resources available to all participants. Neurogenic shock is a type of distributive shock, consisting of the hemodynamic triad of hypotension, bradycardia, and peripheral vasodilatation, attributed to severe central nervous system damage head trauma, cervical cord trauma, or high thoracic cord injuries, resulting in loss of sympathetic stimulation to the blood vessels and unopposed vagal activity. Distributive shock definition of distributive shock by. These stages may also not be very distinct in the case of septic shock. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Microcirculatory abnormalities in distributive shock. Etiology of shock shock is identified according to its underlying cause. Distributive shock definition of distributive shock by the. Ppt pediatric shock powerpoint presentation free to download id. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. In hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and extracardiac obstructive shock, decreased tissue perfusion results primarily from inadequate cardiac output. Distributive shock 1 free download as powerpoint presentation. Septic shock is the most common form of distributive shock and is characterized by considerable mortality.
In hypovolemic shock, there is decreased circulating blood volume due to the loss of. Neurogenic shock a type of distributive shock that results from the loss or suppression of sympathetic tone causes massive vasodilatation in the venous vasculature, venous return to heart, cardiac output. Ppt shock powerpoint presentation free to download. Displaying powerpoint presentation on distributive shock mccc available to view or download. Administer 20 mlkg of fluids as a bolus over 5 to 10 minutes, just like hypovolemic shock, and repeat when necessary. Bacteremic shock develops when hight amount of of bacteremia or fungs and its toxic agents penetrate into the blood and when the host defenses are decreased due to prolonged and hard infectional illness.
Shock can be categorized by underlying pathophysiology as hypovolemic, cardiogenic, extracardiac obstructive, or distributive, a classification that is useful because it has therapeutic implications. Special aspects in management of high block support of the cardiovascular system with vasopressor drugs and inotropes to maintain adequate bp. For example, the stereotypical patient with early sepsis and distributive shock will appear quite. Cytokine release leads to a largescale inflammatory response. Shock is a condition in which the cardiovascular system fails to perfuse. Shock knowledge for medical students and physicians amboss. Obstructive shock an overview sciencedirect topics.
Distributive shock includes septic shock, characterized by fever or anaphylaxis, and neurogenic shock, characterized by a reduced heart rate and vasodilation of superficial vessels warming the skin. Jul 11, 2015 in postoperative cardiac patients, shock is a serious condition with a high morbidity and mortality. Sustained tachycardia can be a sign of early cardiovascular compromise. Septic shock is the most common form of distributive shock and is characterized by considerable mortality treated, around 30%. Distributive shock is a medical condition in which abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the bodys tissues and organs. Distributive shock as in hypovolemic shock, there is an insufficient intravascular volume of blood this form of relative hypovolemia is the result of dilation of blood vessels which diminishes systemic vascular resistance examples of this form of shock. Hypovolemic shock is an important lifethreatening emergency. However, septic shock can occur with an elevated cardiac output due to microvascular. Undifferentiated shock refers to the situation where shock is recognized but the cause is unclear. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with. Shock distributive shock septic shock anaphylactic shock histamine is released blood vessels dilate loss of resistance leak loss of volume. Circulatory shock boundless anatomy and physiology.
Shock, pathology of different types, animation youtube. Cardiogenic shock cs is a common cause of mortality, and management remains challenging despite advances in therapeutic options. Distributive shock results from excessive vasodilation and the. Abnormal placement of vascular volume the heart pumps adequately, blood volume is normal, but intravascular volume is maldistributed. Shock in cardiosurgical intensive care unit icu patients is a serious condition with a high morbidity and mortality. The glucose in the blood may also drop, rather than increasing. Distributive shock occurs due to inappropriate vasodilatation of the peripheral blood vessels from sepsis, anaphylaxis, drug reactions, endocrine, and neurogenic.
Septic shock, a form of distributive shock, is the most common form of. In daily practice, however, focusing on the main goal to provide adequate oxygen delivery thereby. Distributive shock normovolemic shock fluid in the circulatory system is not reduced, yet the fluid circulation does not permit effective tissue perfusion vasodilatation increases space in vascular bed central blood flow reduced peripheral vascular or interstitial areas exceed their usual capacity neurogencic shock insult to the vasomotor center in the medulla of the brain. Spinal cord injury above t6 nneurogeeurogenniicc iiss tthhee rarraresestt fformorm ofof shockshock. Definition shock is a physiologic state characterized by systemic reduction in tissue perfusion, resulting in decreased tissue oxygen delivery. In patients requiring vasopressor therapy, the majority are. Cardiogenic shock occurs as a consequence of heart muscle or heart valve disease.
In the united states, this is the leading cause of noncardiac death in intensive care units. Distributive shock article about distributive shock by. Distributive shock septic shock anaphylactic shock neurogenic shock. Pediatric shock is the property of its rightful owner. Septic shock is sepsis with hypoperfusion and hypotension refractory to fluid therapy. Ppt pediatric shock powerpoint presentation free to.
As the body tries to compensate for hypotension, fast heart rates and. The most simple physiology of shock is cardiogenic. Pals algorithms 2020 pediatric advanced life support. Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal patients in septic shock. Definition, classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of shock in. Increasing intravascular volume is the initial management of distributive shock. Cardiogenic shock journal of the american heart association. In an analysis of 1600 patients who presented with shock, septic shock occurred in 62%, cardiogenic shock in 16%, hypovolemic shock in 16%, other types of distributive shock in 4%, and obstructive shock in 2%. Distributive shock article about distributive shock by the. View neurogenic shock ppts online, safely and virusfree. Acsase medical student core curriculum shock shock is a life. Anaphylactic shock occurring during anesthesia is uncommon 110,000120,000 anesthetic procedures1 but is a potentially extremely severe condition2,3 that may lead to death in up to 310% of cases. E cigarettes vaping and vaping induced lung injury evali 4 months ago. Each image represents a venule large, curved tube and 2 capillaries smaller tubes and demonstrates the 2 main capillary flow patterns found in each class of microcirculatory abnormality, as they occur in distributive shock.
Recall the distributive property of multiplication over addition. Vasoactive drugs in circulatory shock american journal. Early identification of the underlying diseases and understanding the mechanisms at play are key for the correct management of these patients. Septic shock is the only type of shock where the rules can change. Worldwide, shock is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Oct 26, 2016 distributive shock this occurs when the blood volume is normal but the capacity of the circulation is increased by marked vasodilatation also called as warm shock as the skin is not cold and clammy, as it is in hypovolemia shock eg. It is one of four categories of shock, a condition where there is not enough oxygencarrying blood to meet the metabolic needs of the cells which make up the bodys tissues and organs. Some people presenting only minimal symptoms, such as confusion and weakness. Nerualinduced pain anesthesia stress spinal cord injury head trauma chemicalinduced anaphylaxis sepsis capillary leak burns extensive trauma hepatic dysfunction hypoproteinemia pathophysiology and etiology risk factors clinical manifestation collaboration the who, what, where.
Shock is defined as a state of acute energy failure due to inadequate glucose substrate delivery, oxygen delivery, or mitochondrial failure at the cellular level. Describe a patient who one might predict would develop hypovolemic shock. Septic shock anaphylactic shock neurogenic shock 51 52. Warm shock is due to peripheral vascular dilation, and is best treated with norepinephrine.
Pediatric shock national pediatric nighttime curriculum written by julia m. Septic shock, a form of distributive shock, is the most common form of shock among patients in the icu, followed by cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock. Distributive shock is a medical condition in which abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the. Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, obstructive and distributive shock can occur alone or in combination. A form of distributive shock without inhibition of oxygen consumption. Compensated shock can be detected by evaluating the patients heart rate, presence of peripheral pulses, intravascular volume status, and endorgan perfusion. Circulatory shock affects about onethird of patients admitted to intensive care and is associated with increased mortality rates 1,2,3. The mucus membrane colour may be bright red and animal may be hyperthermic. Cs is caused by severe impairment of myocardial performance that results in diminished cardiac output, end.
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